How stuff works - Jet Skis Free Essay Example, 1000 words

In the two-stroke marine engine when the crankshaft is rotating counter clockwise, the piston travels downwards, a transfer port between the crank case and the cylinder is uncovered; and the exhaust gases leave the cylinder through the exhaust port. A lightly compressed fresh fuel air charge travels from the crank case to the cylinder through the transfer port as the port opens. Since the incoming charge is under pressure, it rushes into the cylinder quickly, and removes the exhaust gases from the previous combustion. In the next phase, the upward movement of the piston closes the exhaust and transfer ports, and the air-fuel mixture in the cylinder is compressed. A vacuum is also created. Further upward piston movement uncovers the intake port, and a fresh-fuel air charge is then drawn into the crankcase. In the third phase, as the piston approaches top dead centre, the spark plug fires igniting the compressed fuel-air mixture. The piston is then driven downward by the expanding gas es. The fourth phase begins when the piston uncovers the exhaust port. The exhaust gases leave the cylinder through the exhaust port. We will write a custom essay sample on How stuff works - Jet Skis or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now As the piston moves downwards, â€Å"the intake port is closed and the mixture in the crankcase is compressed in preparation for the next cycle (Clymer: 4-5). The main controls for operating the craft are on the handle bars. The start button and the stop button help to start and stop the engine respectively. On the right-hand side is a lever, which is a throttle not a brake. More advanced models also have another lever that controls a clutch and an LCD (liquid crystal display) that shows speed, fuel levels, and other data (eHow, 2008). Jet Ski Propulsion For safety, a ski-type life vest has to be worn while operating the jet ski (Lamy: 29). Since the possibility of falling off the machine is high, the propeller which can be potentially dangerous is eliminated, and replaced with the jet drive (Armstrong: 59). In the jet drive (Figure 3), an impeller propels a large amount of water from underneath the jet ski through a steering nozzle at the rear of the craft. The impeller (Figure 4) is a rotor-like device that sits inside a cylindrical passageway in the body of the jet ski, to the rear. When the ignition starts the engine running, the impeller is turned. Fig. 3. Jet Ski Propulsion: The Engine and Jet Drive (Wilson, 2008) Fig. 4. High Output Impeller and Steering (Yamaha FX) (Wilson, 2008) The impeller is composed of curved blades, similar to a propeller, the only difference is that they take water into the jet ski rather than push it out.

Question A Critical Review of Lindholm, K. J. Padilla,...

Nowadays, knowing more than one language is important not only just with communication in a multi-culture society like Australia but it also contribute in individual career. Therefore, children are born ready to become bilingual and language learner. Bilingual, according to Kessler (1997) is defined as â€Å"the alternate use or more language within the same individual† (p.17). Young children who are acquiring two languages simultaneously from birth appear to mix language at the word level, utterance level and across in small conversation level. Children often put together or combine two or more separate language in their utterances. Therefore, language mixing is a phenomenon of bilingual and happens in young children. The aim of this paper is†¦show more content†¦So, children imitate to mix two languages while communication. Moreover, from Gutierrez-Clellen, Simon-Cereijido and Erickson Leone’s point of view (2009), compared to monolingual children, bilingual children who have potentially negative consequences of language mixing that having limited memory capacity and must store words from two languages. They also lack sufficient vocabulary in one or both languages to express themselves in communication. Therefore, in other word bilingual children borrow words from the other language and mix them in their utterances. Following to Li (2007), language mixing or code- switching is occurring when a word or a phrase in one language substitutes for a word or phrase in a second language, for instance: -Dame una hamburguesa in lettuce por favour. (Give me a hamburger without lettuce, please!) After researching through observation five bilingual children Spanish- English with aged 2; 10, 3; 6, 4; 11, 5; 9 and 6; 2 (year; month) in 5177 utterances in both Spanish and English, and the result had 110 utterances of these children contained language mixing; so, Lindholm and Padilla concluded that â€Å"with age, children increasingly differentiate th eir two language systems† (p.327). As their argument draw out after investigation, Arias and Lakshmanan (2005) had same point,

Justice in Shakespeares Hamlet Essay Example For Students

Justice in Shakespeares Hamlet Essay In todays society, those who have done wrong are taken to court where they go through a long trial before justice can be served that is if it is served at all. That is not to say that there were no courts or civilized means of punishing wrongdoers in the past, though many people tended to take justice into their own hands. Those who do wrong should be punished and their victims should have some sort of relief. At some times, the villain gets away with his crime, although at other times he makes mistakes which can come back to haunt him. This is the case in Shakespeares Hamlet. Many of the characters have done wrong to another, the biggest victim being Hamlet. The quest for revenge and justice is very overwhelming for him. As Laertes dies, he says that he is justly killed. Polonius, Rosencrantz and Guildenstern, and Claudius all have nemesis visited upon them. Their own wrongdoing backfires, bringing the downfall of each and justice for Hamlet. Polonius, the father of Laertes and Ophelia, has a large tendency to spy. He sticks his nose where it does not belong and he cannot seem to mind his own business. Although his intentions seem fair, Polonius spies on his children quite a bit. With his son Laertes away in France, he sends his servant Reynaldo to see if everything is all right. Before the visit, Polonius wants his man to make inquire of his behavior (II. i. 4-5). It appears as though Polonius does not have very much trust in his son; so spying is his way to make sure that his and Laertes reputation remains intact. Polonius not only spies on his children, but also on Hamlet. With the king, he plans to use Ophelia to understand why Hamlet acts so strangely. To the king, he says, At such a time Ill loose my daughter to him. Be you and I behind an arras then (II. ii. 161-162). This is not the only time where Polonius spies on Hamlet. He does so again when Hamlet is speaking to Gertrude in her chambers. He decides to convey to hear the process (III. iii. 28-29). Hamlet, not knowing that Polonius is behind the curtain, strikes with his sword killing the spy. At one point, Claudius says that together, he and Polonius are lawful espials (III. i. 32). Though in reality, if his spying was lawful, he wouldnt have died. Therefore, Polonius tendency to spy is what kills him and puts him to justice. Two of Hamlets dear friends from university, Rosencrantz and Guildenstern, also have nemesis visited upon them. They are sent for by Claudius who tells them, The need we have to use you did provoke our hasty sending (II. ii. 3-4). This great need is for them to find out exactly what is wrong with Hamlet. It is known that Hamlet is such good friends with them because Gertrude says, He hath much talked of you, and sure I am two men there is not living to whom he more adheres (II.ii. 19-21). Even though Rosencrantz and Guildenstern are supposed to be Hamlets good friends, they follow Claudius orders like a sponge, as Hamlet says, that soaks up the kings countenance, his rewards, his authorities (IV. ii. 13-14). This is especially true when they take Claudius orders to follow him at foot; tempt him with speed aboard when escorting Hamlet to England (IV. iii. 51). Hamlet unfolds the grand scheme when he finds the letter that Rosencrantz and Guildenstern are carrying with them to England. .uf59c2b12b19c06abff8be25c585f7583 , .uf59c2b12b19c06abff8be25c585f7583 .postImageUrl , .uf59c2b12b19c06abff8be25c585f7583 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uf59c2b12b19c06abff8be25c585f7583 , .uf59c2b12b19c06abff8be25c585f7583:hover , .uf59c2b12b19c06abff8be25c585f7583:visited , .uf59c2b12b19c06abff8be25c585f7583:active { border:0!important; } .uf59c2b12b19c06abff8be25c585f7583 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uf59c2b12b19c06abff8be25c585f7583 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uf59c2b12b19c06abff8be25c585f7583:active , .uf59c2b12b19c06abff8be25c585f7583:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uf59c2b12b19c06abff8be25c585f7583 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uf59c2b12b19c06abff8be25c585f7583 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uf59c2b12b19c06abff8be25c585f7583 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uf59c2b12b19c06abff8be25c585f7583 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uf59c2b12b19c06abff8be25c585f7583:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uf59c2b12b19c06abff8be25c585f7583 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uf59c2b12b19c06abff8be25c585f7583 .uf59c2b12b19c06abff8be25c585f7583-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uf59c2b12b19c06abff8be25c585f7583:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Twelfth Night, What Was Shakespeare Thinking EssayIn the letter, Hamlet finds an exact command where head should be struck off (V. ii. 19-25). Hamlet receives justice for his friends betrayal when he devised a new commission an earnest conjuration from the king he should those bearers put to sudden death (V. ii. 31-47). The plan is completely turned around, and the letter they are now carrying is basically one leading to their own downfall. The downfall of Claudius is very important and very justified. He can be considered a terrible villain when one thinks of all of the terrible things he does. Killing his own brother to take the throne and Gertrude is pure evil. The ghost of Old King Hamlet reveals the truth of his death to his son saying, The serpent that did sting thy fathers life now wears his crown (I. v. 39-40). Since biblical times, the serpent has been associated with evil and it is seen in statues how the Virgin Mary crushes the serpents head with her foot, which in a way brings justice for all of its evildoing. Claudius, like a serpent, uses poisonous venom to destroy anything in his way. He kills his brother with the juice of cursed hebona in a vial (I. v. 62). It is not only he who uses poison to get rid of others, he also feels as though Hamlet has a poisonous effect on him, which can be seen in the letter he writes to England requesting that Hamlet be put to death. He writes, Do it, England, for like that hectic in my blood he rages, and thou must cure me (IV. iii. 62-64). Like an illness, Claudius feels that the only way to live his life well is to get rid of Hamlet for good. When that plan fails, he decides to get rid of Hamlet himself through a fencing match between Hamlet and Laertes. Once again, Claudius wants to use poison. The original plan is to poison the tip of Laertes sword so that with a slight wound, the poison would get into Hamlets blood. Claudius is smart enough to make a Plan B saying, Ill have preferred him a chalice whereon but sipping, if he by chance escape your venomed stuck, our purpose may hold there (IV. vii. 157-160). The original plan works and Hamlet is poisoned by a wound from Laertes. The problem is that Claudius plan works too well because Gertrude drinks from the poisoned cup and Claudius exclaims, it is too late (V. ii. 274). In all of the confusion and chaos Laertes is also struck by his own sword, which is when he knows that he is justly killed. Hamlet realizes what has happened questioning, The point envenomed too? Then, venom, to thy work (V. ii. 306-307). He wounds Claudius and also makes him drink from the poisoned cup. Before Laertes dies, he says about the king, He is justly served. It is a poison tempered by himself (V. ii. 312-313). So in the end, Claudius gets a taste of his own medicine and after poisoning so many others, the snake dies from his own venom. In Shakespeares Hamlet, nemesis is visited upon Polonius, Rosencrantz and Guildenstern, and Claudius. Their downfall comes from their own cruelty and their plans explode ruining the lives of the innocent, and even their own. Although Hamlet also lost his life in the end, he avenged his fathers death and brought justice upon those who had done him wrong. In a way, it appears as though fate and karma come into play as well, which can be seen in the turning around of each of the offenders plans. Polonius was killed because of his spying. Rosencrantz and Guildenstern who carried the letter asking for Hamlets death ended up asking for their own. And finally Claudius whose use of poison killed the woman that he loved and himself. In closing, it has been shown that one must not play with death so closely, because eventually it will come back for more games, only then it will be fatal for the original player.

Lord Jim Essay Research Paper Summer Reading free essay sample

Lord Jim Essay, Research Paper Summer Reading Project Lord Jim The chief character of Lord Jim is none other so, Jim. He is besides referred to as Lord Jim and Tuan Jim. Jim # 8217 ; s chief end in life is to be understood by person, anyone at all. Jim does a batch of twenty-four hours woolgathering. His dreams consist of a hero ( him ) executing some sort of a heroic act. But despite all the twenty-four hours dreaming, he neer does execute his Heroic title. When Jim had the opportunity to execute his first heroic title, he failed. He was on a ship, transporting pilgrims, but when the ship was hit by an object in the H2O, he and the other shipmates fled for their ain lives. Jim is about 30 old ages old, and he can t of all time bury or run off from his failure on his first sailing assignment. Jim does have his illustriousness by going the Trade director on a remote-trading island. There he finds his lover, his best friend, and settles a war between the people of the island and their alleged leader. But despite all the good that has happened for him, he is confronted with another state of affairs when a kind of plagiarist arrives at the Island. He, himself, stays inactive in the battle between his people and the plagiarist, so he sends his best friend to make the combat. His friend fails and is subsequently killed because of a mis-comunication. Jim takes duty for his decease, and is in bend killed by his friend s father. Marlow is an interesting character in the book. He is the storyteller of the whole narrative. Like Jim, He can non get away his past error from the Pitna ( first sailing assignment ) . Marlow can non get away run intoing people who have something to make with Jim. Marlow foremost sees Jim at a test for Jim and his shipmates. He is interested in Jim and his narrative. Marlow has commiseration on Jim and attempts to assist him leap back from his bad fortune with the Pitna. Marlow does non acquire all of his information straight from detecting Jim, but instead from word of oral cavity, and from people who have been involved with Jim, and his fortunes. Stein is a trading station top banana. His beginnings are from Germany, but was forced to go forth because of his engagement in radical activities. Stein sends Jim to the island Patusan, to take control of the state of affairs. With the island in convulsion, it is non good for concern. Like Marlow, Stein has commiseration on Jim because of his past bad fortune. Stein besides collects butterflies and beetles, and so uses them in his analogies for everything. Following is Doramin. He is the head of the Bugis, and is an old wise adult male. He personally knows Stein because they both were war-comrades. Doramin saves Jim after Rajah Allang captures him. Doramin is besides Dain Waris male parent, and putting to deaths Jim because of his bad opinion that got Dain Waris killed. Dain Waris is Jim s best friend and 2nd in bid in Patusan. Besides he is the boy of Doramin, head of the Bugis. He leads the initial onslaught on Gentlemen Brown when he ( Brown ) firsts arrives on the island. He fails in his effort to acquire Mr. Brown to go forth the island. Subsequently on while he and his work forces are waiting for Brown to go through by to do certain that they leave the island. He is attacked from behind by Brown and is shot in the brow and killed. Jim goes to Doramin to offer himself as a forfeit, because of Dain s decease. Now lets talk about Jim s lover, Jewel. She meets him when he takes the occupation as trading station director. Jewel has a fright that whoever she falls in love with will go forth her. Because that is her and her female parents past history with work forces, she makes Jim promise that he will neer of all time leave her. After Dain s decease she encourages Jim to contend for his life, because she doesn t want him to go forth her, but Jim tells her that he would non be deserving holding unless he did go forth her. So he goes and makes damagess by being killed by Dain s male parent, Doramin. Jewel is bosom broken and leaves the island because she no longer has Jim to protect her. Last but non least is the bad cat of the narrative, Gentleman Brown. He is a plagiarist who has had jobs with the Spanish Government. He flees to Patusan trusting to steal commissariats. Although he has been forewarned against stealing from the Bugis, he arrives at the island and attempts to steal from them. He is foremost confronted by Dain Waris and his work forces. Gentleman Brown negotiates for his life with Jim, and because he is besides a white adult male, he is able to go forth the island without any injury to him or his work forces. As he is go forthing, he comes across false information that leads him to believe that Jim will assail him while he is go forthing. He takes a detoured path and comes up behind Dain Waris and his work forces, and surprise onslaughts them and putting to deaths Dain Waris. He escapes from the island merely to be caught by the Spanish authorities. He bribes his manner out of gaol merely to decease a long and painful decease shortly afterwards. On his deathbed he tells Marlow what happened at Patusan, but does no T uncover how Jim died. Subject There are many possible subjects in the book Lord Jim. The most present subject is Jim s stuggle against himself and the picks he has made. He dreams and longs to be known as a hero, but the clip he spends woolgathering he loses the chance to do his dreams come true. For illustration, while on the Patna, he misses his chance to do the right pick of remaining on the ship and salvaging the Pilgrim s lives. His failure in making so follows him wherever he goes. He fears anyone that knows of his failure and so, while at any occupation whenever person comes into port that knows of his dark past he instantly quits and leaves so that he does non hold to confront world. Alternatively of facing and confronting up to his error, he runs and contemplates over it, which merely makes affairs worse. When he thinks about the yesteryear, the hereafter is non in position, and the right picks that need to be made to supply a better hereafter are pushed aside and non paid attending to. This subject ends up killing Jim at the terminal of the book. While he is confronting the hereafter and seeking to make up ones mind on the program of action that is best to take against Brown, he is still fighting over his dark failure. He makes a bad pick and as a consequence gets his best friend killed. So for the first clip in his life he makes the right determination because he is no longer believing about his yesteryear, but about his friend s decease, and in making so makes the right pick to take duty for and faces it. Even though the pick he makes putting to deaths him, he ownes up to his error alternatively of running from it. A New Ending This new turn to the narrative begins right before the portion of when Jim sends Tamb Itam to advise Dain of the new information: Jim takes the advice of Jewel and does non take active bid of the ground forces. While Jim is looking over a map, he receives word from Doramin that he agrees, and will let Brown to go through and go forth unharmed. Unable to happen Tamb Itam he decides to travel and state Dain Waris of the intelligence. But, in his speedy issue he forgets the Ag ring in his collapsible shelter. When he arrives at Dain s cantonment he is tells him to let Brown to go through by unhurt. Dain relieves his work forces, all except three of them. Those three are positioned in trees so that Dain and Jim can be notified of Brown s reaching. Jim rapidly decides to hold all arms hidden and set away. When the surprise onslaught comes from Brown many work forces are killed. Dain is shot in the leg and Jim remains unhurt since he stays inside the chief collapsible shelter. He stays at that place because of his promise to Jewel to remain inactive. He is brought out, tied, and is questioned as to why he went back on his word. When he responds, Gentlemen Brown does non believe him. But because he is a romantic and compassionate adult male, he decides to liberate Jim and Dain Waris. Brown s concluding behind this is that he knows that now nil can halt him from taking over the island, particularly with the aid of the Rajah Alling. He warns Jim that if he comes across him once more that he will kill him. It is at that minute that he realizes that he left his ring back a the compound. With that pealing comes power. If Brown gets his custodies on it there is no stating what he could make. He tells Dain to give him his arm and to head back to the compound every bit fast as possible. He besi des gives him the instructions to seek and reach the Spanish Government and state them that Gentlemen Brown is here. While Dain caputs back to the compound, Jim sneaks up on Brown and is able to acquire one shooting off to seek and kill him. He halfway succeeds. He hits Brown in the side but Brown is still alive. His lesion is a fatal one and he commands his work forces to trail after Jim and kill him. Jim flees back to the compound of his work forces while the plagiarists are hot on his trail. Jim reaches the station merely in clip and is able to be protected inside its walls. While his work forces fight the plagiarists, he finds the silver ring from Stein and topographic points it on his finger. He has taken back his promise to remain inactive in the battle. He takes up his arms, and heads out to contend. When he opens the Gatess he realizes that the work forces are at a base still. When the work forces separate, out of the crowd appears Brown, being carried by two of his officers . He is placed before Jim and has an interesting treatment. Brown tells Jim the whole full apparatus, and to be careful of the Rajah.. Just as he dies he says bury about your yesteryear, you have a bright hereafter here. Fight for it, and live for it. Don t allow anyone state you different. Then with his last breath he says the people are destitute, they need a King, Take the throne Lord. And at that point he dies. Jim thinks about what has merely taken topographic point, about the yesteryear, and the hereafter. He realizes what Brown has told him is true. From that twenty-four hours frontward, the island of Patusan was neer the same. Nor would it be every bit long as LORD JIM ruled over his people and protected them.